The first step in the diagnosis of cervical cancer is a comprehensive anamnesis and examination. Risk factors for cervical cancer are investigated in the patient. Previous screening results are evaluated. Even if there is no suspicion of cervical cancer, it is important for every woman to have screening tests at regular intervals in terms of early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Cervical cancer diagnosis methods:
Colposcopy:
It is the examination of the vagina and cervix by means of a speculum. The tissues of the cervix and the vagina are evaluated by means of a microscope. The procedure is not painful or painful, but may be somewhat uncomfortable for the patient. The gynecology team will take every precaution to make the patient feel comfortable. A liquid is applied to the cervix to see the abnormal tissues. Then, if necessary, a biopsy is taken and sent to the pathology unit. There may be slight bleeding or cramping due to the biopsy. Other than that, there is no procedure that will harm or hurt the patient.
Biopsy:
Biopsy samples taken as a result of colposcopy are the basic test for diagnosing cervical cancer and determining the type of cancer, if any. There are various types of biopsy. These:
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- Punch biopsy : It is the process of taking tissue pieces from several different points of the cervix with the help of a hollow, round, sharp-edged instrument.
- Endocervical curettage: It is the process of collecting a small amount of tissue from the cervix with the help of a spoon-shaped instrument (curette).
- Loop Electrocervical Excision Procedure (LEEP): Using local anesthesia, tissue pieces are taken from the cervix with the help of a thin wire through which an electric current is passed. It can also be used for the removal of cancer cells at the stage of carcinoma in situ.
- Cone biopsy: It is the procedure of removing a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix under general anesthesia in hospital conditions. It can also be used for removal of early stage cervical cancers.